Hi-Tech city

HI-TECH CITY – THE NEW AGE LIVING

Hi-tech cities are fast gaining popularity in India. These unique cities not only provide buyers high standards of living but plenty of job opportunities as well.

So for a civil engineer it is very important to know about this type of construction planning and get updated of the new way of living of the people.

Ø  WHAT ARE HI - TECH CITIES?

Hi – tech cities are self sustaining cities where the residents have access to all the basic elements of living such as schools, playgrounds, a golf course, hospitals, internal roads, shopping centres, malls and employment generating business under one roof.

Apart from these basic elements, these cities have some other features which are not to be found in conventional cities and societies such as water treatment and solid waste treatment plants, which wholly cater to the residents of the township itself, thereby ensuring a healthy supply of water round the year. Further with direct access to the power grid, these cities ensure that their residents are never without power and are able to enjoy a comfortable living.

Ø  SOME UNIQUE FEATURES:-

·         Mechanical cleaning.

·         Sweeping systems.

·         Closed loop city MRT system

·         Parks and natural lakes etc

Apart from providing high class living standards, these cities would also play a very important role in generating employment opportunities in special designed finance, trade and commerce development zones. Many of these townships are also proposed to have software technology parks, and scientific and engineering instrumentation zones.

 

Ø  HI – TECH TOWNSHIP: A NEW CONCEPT IN INDIA

Though this type of concept is new in India, it is gaining fast popularity due to the myriad opportunities it offers to buyers in terms of high standards of living as well as abundance of employment opportunities.

Several cities are being planned all over the country (INDIA). There are certain guidelines for builders such as there should be green are covering 50% of the total area. Further, they should also have green belts, parks and playgrounds and well connected roads to the nearest urban centres. Many of these cities are locate far from the commercial centres and as such a common public amenity should be included in the cities.

So, Hi-tech cities are the future of real estate and are all set to change the skyline of the country.

 

about civil engineering

How do I know Civil Engineering is for me?

Do you:
Want a career which makes extensive use of science and technology?
Want to make a contribution to protecting our natural environment?
Want to improve the quality of life for all South Africans?
Want to participate in projects which will contribute to the long term development of South Africa?
If you have answered to yes to some of the above, Civil Engineering is for you.

Education

If you have a senior certificate in passes in Mathematics and Physical Science, you may study at an Institute of Technology, for the National Diploma in Civil Engineering. This is a three year course of which one-year comprises of experiential training with an employer. This is followed by two years of practical training to qualify for registration with the Engineering Council of South Africa. Responsibilities include the building and maintaining of high technology infrastructure and providing services.
Degree: Civil Engineering is offered at many universities, eg. UCT, UP, UNISA, US, UKZN, Wits. The engineering degree requires a minimum of 4 years of study at a recognised university.
BTech degrees and Diploma Courses: Civil Engineering is also offered at CPUT, CUT, TUT, DUT and SW Gauteng FET.
A person who has obtained a recognised BSc(Eng) or BEng degree is then eligible for registration as an Candidate Engineer. After gaining at least 3 years of appropriate practical experience, a civil engineer may register as a Professional Engineer under the auspices of the Engineering Council of South Africa (ECSA).

The Career

Satisfying Aspects
- solving problems
- wide variety of specialities available
- knowing that your work is of benefit to society
- working as part of a team
- good salaries, with benefits

what is civil engineering

WHAT IS CIVIL ENGINEERING?

In general, it is the branch of engineering which deals with the planning, design, construction and maintenance of the structures like buildings, roads, bridges, canals, dams, water supply and treatment systems etc. It has a broader spectrum and comprises of many sub-disciplines under it.

The branches of civil engineering are
1) structural engg
2)construction engg
3) geotechnical engg
4)urban/town/municipal engg
5)environmental engg
6) transportation engg
7)surveying
8) water resource engg
9)tunnel engg,
10)earthquake engg
11) material engg
12) coastal engg. 

top 10 engineers till date

10. Alan Turing

BIODATA:-

Born: June 23, 1912, Maida Vale, London, United Kingdom

Died: June 7, 1954, Wilmslow, United Kingdom

Books: Computing Machinery and Intelligence, The Essential Turing: Seminal Writings in Computing, Logic, Philosophy, Artificial Intelligence, and Artificial Life plus The Secrets of Enigma.

Education: Princeton University (1936–1938), King's College, Cambridge (1931–1934), Sherborne School, St. Michael's School.

Parents: Ethel Sara Stoney, Julius Mathison Turing

Siblings: John Turing

INVENTIONS:-

Every time you use a computer, it is in part because Alan Turing made significant contributions to make computing possible. Alan Turing developed the binary architecture now used in all computers, as well as much of the theory behind computers.

He is regarded by some as the father of computer science. He is also credited with breaking the German Enigma code during WWII, which made victory possible. In the years following the war he made numerous contributions in software creation. Time magazine named him as one of the most important people of the 20th century.

9. Nicolaus Otto

BIODATA:-

Born: June 14, 1832, Holzhausen an der Haide, Germany

Died: January 26, 1891, Cologne, Germany

Spouse: Anna Gossi

Children: Gustav Otto

INVENTIONS:-

Nicolaus Otto was a German inventor credited with developing the four-stroke or Otto-cycle engine which sparked the development of the motor care. His Otto-cycle engine worked in four steps; drawing in fuel and air, compressing the mixture, igniting it and expelling the exhaust. This Otto-cycle is still used in the internal combustion engines that run all of our cars today.

8. Nikolna Tesla

 

BIODATA:-

Born: July 10, 1856, Smiljan, Croatia

Died: January 7, 1943, New Yorker Hotel, New York City, New York, United States

Full name: Nikola Tesla

Awards: Elliott Cresson Medal, IEEE Edison Medal, John Scott Legacy Medal and Premium

Education: Graz University of Technology (1875–1878), Gymnasium Karlovac (1870–1873)

INVENTIONS:-

Tesla moved to America in 1884 to work with Thomas Edison, another remarkable engineer. Within weeks of working for Edison, he indicated that he could improve the efficiency of the company’s generators by 25%. Edison promised Tesla a $50,000 bonus if he achieved this feat. Within weeks Tesla delivered on his promise – and Edison reneged on his, telling young Tesla, “You don’t understand our American humor.”

Every electrical engineer should have a picture of Nikola tattooed somewhere on their bodies. Maybe not a tattoo but at least have a picture of him hanging in their office. Tesla’s inventions make him arguably the greatest electrical engineer of all time. His inventions include fluorescent lighting, the Tesla coil, the induction motor, and 3-phase electricity. He developed the AC-current generation system comprised of a motor and a transformer.

 

 

7. Archimedes

 

BIODATA:-

Born: 287 BC, Syracuse, Italy

Full name: Archimedes of Syracuse

Nationality: Greek

Assassinated: 212 BC, Syracuse, Italy

Parents: Phidias

INVENTIONS:-

It was Archimedes who came up with the simple yet clever idea of determining an object’s volume by measuring the amount of water displaced by the object. Other inventions credited to him include the catapult, levers and pulleys, and the Archimedean Screw, a device used to raise water for irrigation or mining. He also calculated an approximation for pi and developed many mathematical insights without which modern engineering would be impossible.

6. James Watt

 

BIODATA:-

Born: January 19, 1736, Greenock, United Kingdom

Died: August 25, 1819, Handsworth, West Midlands, United Kingdom

Education University of Glasgow

Parents: Agnes Muirhead, James Watt

Spouse: Ann MacGregor (m. 1777–1819), Margaret Miller (m. 1764–1772)

Children: James Watt junior, Margaret Watt, Gregory Watt, Janet Watt

INVENTIONS:-

James Watt was an enthusiastic inventor whose improvement of the steam engine sparked the Industrial Revolution. During the 1760s he devoted most of his time to improving the efficiency of steam engines. The result was a machine that became very popular that Watt is sometimes mischaracterized as the inventor of the steam engine. Watt’s many mechanical advances earned him several patents, and his engines were used for coal mining, textile manufacturing, transportation and a host of other industrial uses.

The watt unit of power is named after James Watt. He is credited for measuring the power of his steam engine: his test with a strong horse resulted in his determination that a “horsepower” was 550 foot-pounds per second. Subsequent calculation by Watt resulted in one horsepower equaling 746 watts.

5. Hero of Alexandria

 

BIODATA:-

Hero of Alexandria was an ancient Greek mathematician and engineer who were active in his native city of Alexandria, Roman Egypt.

Born: 10AD

Died:  70AD

INVENTIONS:-

This man could have started the Industrial Revolution in 50 AD with the invention of the Aeolipile, a form of steam or jet engine where jets of steam spin a ball. However, he failed to realize what the device could do, and thought of it as nothing but a toy. Some have speculated that the abundance of slave labor negated any need for a labor-saving device, so no one applied his device in the manner of the Industrial Revolution. Hero also wrote many works on subjects ranging from pneumatics to mathematics to physics.

 

 

4. Wilbur and Orville Wright

 

BIODATA:-

Born: Wilbur- April 16, 1867, milville, Indiana

           Orville: august 19, 1871, Dayton, Ohio

Dies: Wilbur- may 30, 1912

           Orville: January 30, 1948

INVENTIONS:-

Before Wilbur and Orville discovered what would later become the safest mode of transport, they were bicycle mechanics with a passion for kite-flying. The crucial insights from both fields would later propel them to victory in the race to the sky.

Most prototypes of the time could not stay in the air long enough after taking off. The Wright brothers however understood that stability was crucial in overcoming this challenge. After several experiments using kites and gliders, they created a pulley system that altered the shape of the wing in mid-flight, increasing and decreasing the speeds. The Wright brothers were also the first to look at propeller design and aerodynamics, profoundly changing the world.

3. Henry Ford

 

BIODATA:-

Born: July 30, 1863, Greenfield Township, Wayne County, and Michigan

Died: April 7, 1947, Fair Lane, Dearborn, Michigan, United States

Full name: Henry Ford

Education: Detroit Business Institute

INVENTIONS:-

Henry Ford realized that he would a more efficient way to mass produce cars in order to lower the price. He looked at other industries and found four principles that would further their goal: interchangeable parts, continuous flow, division of labor, and reducing wasted effort. Ford put these principles into play gradually over five years, fine-tuning and testing as he went along. In 1913, they came together in the first moving assembly line ever used for large-scale manufacturing. Ford produced cars at a record-breaking rate forever changing the automobile industry.

2. Thomas Edison

 

BIODATA:-

Born: February 11, 1847, Milan, Ohio, United States

Died: October 18, 1931, West Orange, New Jersey, United States

Awards: Congressional Gold Medal, Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Franklin Medal, John Fritz Medal, Matteucci Medal, John Scott Legacy Medal and Premium, Technical Grammy Award, Edward Longstreth MedalMore

INVENTIONS:-

Edison is the most prolific inventor in history, holding a record 1,097 patents. He developed the phonograph, incandescent light bulb, stock ticker, motion picture camera and projector, and hundreds more. He also created the first electrical plant and distribution infrastructure. Without these inventions, modern life is almost inconceivable.

1. Leonardo da Vinci

 

BIODATA:-

Born: April 15, 1452, Vinci, Italy

Died: May 2, 1519, Amboise, France

Full name: Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci

Period: High Renaissance

INVENTIONS:-

Perhaps the biggest visionary of all time, Leonardo foresaw everything from the helicopter to the tank to the submarine. Modern engineers have proven that many of his designs, including bridges, hang-gliders, transmissions, parachutes, and more would have worked had they been built. There have been few individuals in the history of engineering who have designed so many revolutionary devices that actually worked. For having this remarkable vision and intelligence, Leonardo qualifies as the most remarkable engineer of all time.

branches of engineering

Ø  The branches of engineering listed previously are classified further. The branches under these core branches are as follows:-

 

Chemical engineering –

·         Biomolecular engineering- Biomolecular engineering is the application of engineering principles and practices to the purposeful manipulation of molecules from biological origin. Biomolecular engineers integrate knowledge of biological processes with the core knowledge of chemical engineering in order to focus on molecular level solutions to issues and problems in the life sciences related to the environment, agriculture, energy, industry, food production, biotechnology and medicine.

 

 

·         Material engineering-Materials science, also commonly known as materials engineering, is an interdisciplinary field applying the properties of matter to various areas of science and engineering. This relatively new scientific field investigates the relationship between the structure of materials at atomic or molecular scales and their macroscopic properties. It incorporates elements of applied physics and chemistry. With significant media attention focused on nanoscience

and nanotechnology in recent years, materials science is becoming more widely known as a specific and unique field of science and engineering

 

·         Molecular engineering-Molecular engineering is any means of manufacturing molecules. It may be used to create, on an extremely small scale, most typically one at a time, new molecules which may not exist in nature, or be stable beyond a very narrow range of conditions.

·         Process engineering-Process engineering (also called process systems engineering) focuses on the design, operation, control, and optimization of chemical, physical, and biological processes through the aid of systematic computer-based methods. Process engineering encompasses a vast range of industries, such as chemical, petrochemical, mineral processing, advanced material, food, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological industries.

Civil engineering-

·         Environmental engineering-Environmental engineering is the integration of science and engineering principles to improve the natural environment (air, water, and/or land resources), to provide healthy water, air, and land for human habitation (house or home) and for other organisms, and to remediate pollution sites. Further more it is concerned with finding plausible solutions in the field of public health, such arthropod-borne diseases, implementing law which promote adequate sanitation in urban, rural and recreational areas. It involves waste water management and air pollution control, recycling, waste disposal, radiation protection, industrial hygiene, environmental sustainability, and public health issues as well as a knowledge of environmental engineering law. It also includes studies on the environmental impact of proposed construction projects.

·         Structural engineering-Structural engineering is a field of engineering dealing with the analysis and design of structures that support or resist loads. Structural engineering is usually considered a specialty within civil engineering, but it can also be studied in its own right.

 

 

 

 

·         Geotechnical engineering- It is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behaviour of earth materials. Geotechnical engineering is important in civil engineering, but is also used by military, mining, petroleum, or any other engineering concerned with construction on or in the ground. Geotechnical engineering uses principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics to investigate subsurface conditions and materials; determine the relevant physical/mechanical and chemical properties of these materials; evaluate stability of natural slopps and man-made soil deposits; assess risks posed by site conditions; design earthworks and structure foundations; and monitor site conditions, earthwork and foundation construction.

 

·         Transport engineering-

It is the application of technology and scientific principles to the planning, functional design, operation and management of facilities for any mode of transportation in order to provide for the safe, efficient, rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical, and environmentally compatible movement of people and goods (transport). It is a sub-discipline of civil engineering and of industrial engineering.                  Transportation engineering is a major component of the civil engineering and mechanical engineering disciplines, according to specialisation of academic courses and main competences of the involved territory. The importance of transportation engineering within the civil and industrial engineering profession can be judged by the number of divisions in ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers) that are directly related to transportation.

 

Mechanical engineering-

·         Aerospace engineering-Aerospace engineering is the primary branch of engineering concerned with the research, design, development, construction, testing, science and technology of aircraft and spacecraft.^] It is divided into two major and overlapping branches: aeronautical engineering and astronautical engineering. The former deals with aircraft that operate in Earth's atmosphere, and the latter with spacecraft that operates outside it.

 

 

 

·         Acoustical engineering-Acoustical engineering (also known as Acoustic Engineering) is the branch of engineering dealing with sound and vibration. It is the application of acoustics, the science of sound and vibration, in technology. Acoustical engineers are typically concerned with the design, analysis and control of sound.

 

·         Manufacturing engineering-Manufacturing engineering is a discipline of engineering dealing with different manufacturing practices and the research and development of systems, processes, machines, tools and equipment. Dealing with machines that turn raw materials to a new product.

 

·         Automobile engineering-Modern automotive engineering, along with aerospace engineering and marine engineering, is a branch of vehicle engineering, incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software and safety engineering as applied to the design, manufacture and operation of motorcycles, automobiles, buses and trucks and their respective engineering subsystems.

 

Electrical engineering-

·         Computer engineering-Computer engineering is a discipline that integrates several fields of Electrical engineering and computer science required to develop computer hardware and software. Computer engineers usually have training in electronic engineering (or electrical engineering), software design, and hardware-software integration instead of only software engineering or electronic engineering. Computer engineers are involved in many hardware and software aspects of computing, from the design of individual microprocessors, personal computers, and supercomputers, to circuit design.

 

 

 

·    Electronic engineering-Electronics engineering, or electronic engineering, is an engineering discipline where non-linear and active electrical components such as electron tubes, and semiconductor devices, especially transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, are utilized to design electronic circuits, devices and systems, typically also including passive electrical components and based on printed circuit boards. The term denotes a broad engineering field that covers important subfields such as analog electronics, digital electronics, consumer electronics, embedded   systems and power electronics.

 

 

·         Optical engineering-Optical engineering is the field of study that focuses on applications of optics. Optical engineers design components of optical instruments such as lenses, microscopes, telescopes, and other equipment that utilizes the properties of light. Other devices include optical sensors and measurement systems, lasers, fiber optic communication systems, optical disc systems (e.g. CD, DVD), etc.

 

·         Power engineering-Power engineering, also called power systems engineering, is a subfield of electrical engineering that deals with the generation, transmission and distribution of electric power as well as the electrical devices connected to such systems including generators, motors and transformers. Although much of the field is concerned with the problems of three-phase AC power - the standard for large-scale power transmission and distribution across the modern world - a significant fraction of the field is concerned with the conversion between AC and DC power as well as the development of specialized power systems such as those used in aircraft or for electric railway networks. It was a subfield of electrical engineering before the emergence of energy engineering.

 

System engineering-

 

·         Agriculture engineering-The application of engineering principles to agricultural fields such as farm power and machinery, biological material process, bioenergy, farm structures, and agricultural natural resources.

 

 

 

 

 

·         Applied engineering-The field concerned with the application of management, design, and technical skills for the design and integration of systems, the execution of new product designs, the improvement of manufacturing processes, and the management and direction of physical and/or technical functions of a firm or organization.

 

·         Biological engineering-The application of engineering principles to the fields of biology and medicine.

 

·         Building services engineering-Building services engineering, technical building services, architectural engineering, or building engineering is the engineering of the internal environment and environmental impact of a building. It essentially brings buildings and structures to life.

 

 

 
    Energy engineering-Energy engineering is a broad field of engineering dealing with energy efficiency, energy services, facility management, plant engineering, environmental compliance and alternative energy technologies.

 

 

 

        

 

·         Nano engineering

      The practice of engineering on the nano

       scopic scale. It derives its name from the nanometre, a unit of measurement equalling one billionth of a meter.

 

 

 

 

 

·         Petroleum engineering-Petroleum engineering is a field of engineering concerned with the activities related to the production of hydrocarbons, which can be either crude oil or natural gas. Exploration and Production are deemed to fall within the upstream sector of the oil and gas industry. Exploration, by earth scientists, and petroleum engineering are the oil and gas industry's two main subsurface disciplines, which focus on maximizing economic recovery of hydrocarbons from subsurface reservoirs.